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> G Protein-Coupled Receptor Ligands>DA Receptors>Amfonelic Acid

DA Receptors

Amfonelic Acid View larger

Amfonelic Acid

AOB5287

CAS No: 15180-02-6

Chemical Name: 7-Benzyl-1-ethyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid

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$59.00

$59.00 per mg

Quantity Discount Table - Order More To Get More Price Discount

QuantitymgUnit Price ($/mg or $/Unit)Final Price
15 $50.15 Total: $250.75
110 $42.48 Total: $424.80
125 $35.99 Total: $899.75
150 $30.68 Total: $1,534.00
1100 $26.55 Total: $2,655.00

Data sheet

Molecular FormulaC18H16N2O3
Molecular Weight308.33
CAS Numbers15180-02-6
Storage Condition0°C (short term), -20°C (long term), desiccated
SolubilityDMSO
Purity98% by HPLC
SynonymWIN-25978
IUPAC/Chemical Name7-Benzyl-1-ethyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid
InChl KeyWHHHJDGNBVQNAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChl CodeInChI=1S/C18H16N2O3/c1-2-20-11-15(18(22)23)16(21)14-9-8-13(19-17(14)20)10-12-6-4-3-5-7-12/h3-9,11H,2,10H2,1H3,(H,22,23)
SMILES CodeO=C(C1=CN(CC)C2=NC(CC3=CC=CC=C3)=CC=C2C1=O)O
References1) Cox ET, et al., Combined norepinephrine/serotonergic reuptake inhibition: effects on maternal behavior, aggression, and oxytocin in the rat. Front Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 8;2:34. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00034. eCollection 2011. PubMed PMID: 21713063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3114092.

2) Bongiovanni R, Young D, Newbould E, Jaskiw GE. Increased striatal dopamine synthesis is associated with decreased tissue levels of tyrosine. Brain Res. 2006 Oct 18;1115(1):26-36. Epub 2006 Aug 24. PubMed PMID: 16934236.

More info

A research chemical with highly selective dopaminergic stimulant and antibiotic properties.

What is Amfonelic Acid?

  • Amfonelic acid is a research chemical and a dopaminergic stimulant. Wikipedia+2OUP Academic+2

  • It is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI), meaning it blocks the reabsorption of dopamine into neurons, increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft. OUP Academic+3Wikipedia+3ScienceDirect+3

  • It appears to have minimal activity (or no direct effect) on noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake or release. Wikipedia+3OUP Academic+3ScienceDirect+3

  • Some sources also mention it has antibiotic properties (likely as a chemical curiosity or off-target effect) though its primary interest is in neuroscience research. Wikipedia+1

Pharmacodynamics / Mechanism of Action

  • Because it blocks the dopamine transporter (DAT), it increases extracellular dopamine levels, enhancing dopaminergic signaling. Wikipedia+3ScienceDirect+3OUP Academic+3

  • It has been described as being more potent (in certain assays) than methylphenidate (in rat brain preparations) by a substantial margin. Wikipedia+2ScienceDirect+2

  • In animal behavioral paradigms, it shows stimulant effects (increasing locomotor activity, etc.) and can substitute (in discrimination tasks) for dextroamphetamine, with even greater potency in some cases. OUP Academic+3Wikipedia+3ScienceDirect+3

  • It has a moderately long half-life in some studies (~12 hours in certain rat brain models) which supports sustained dopaminergic action. Wikipedia

Observed Effects in Animal Studies

  • Neuroprotection: In a rat model, when given concurrently with methamphetamine (which can damage dopaminergic terminals), amfonelic acid was able to prevent or attenuate much of the dopaminergic terminal degeneration and loss of dopamine content. PubMed

  • Behavioral sensitization / chronic effects: Repeated dosing of stimulants (including amfonelic acid) can lead to a sensitized behavioral response (i.e. more pronounced effects upon re-exposure). SpringerLink+1

  • Neurochemical changes: Chronic or repeated exposure can lead to changes in serotonergic systems (reductions in 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA), even though amfonelic acid is not directly acting on serotonin systems. SpringerLink+2ScienceDirect+2

  • Reward / threshold effects: It can lower the threshold for reward in some paradigms, meaning less stimulation is needed to produce rewarding (reinforcing) effects. ScienceDirect

Limitations, Risks, and Unknowns

  • Very limited human / clinical trial data exist (if any). Most of the data are in animals. Wikipedia+1

  • Because it’s a potent dopamine modulator, it carries risks typical of stimulants (e.g. potential for abuse, neurotoxicity under some conditions) — though direct evidence in humans is lacking.

  • The long-term effects (neurochemical adaptations, receptor changes, downregulation, etc.) are not well characterized.

  • The antibiotic claim is less well characterized and likely not its primary mode of interest in neuroscience research.

  • It is used “for research purposes only” and is not approved for therapeutic use.

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